PERCEPTUAL BIASES

Perceptual biases are certain tendencies to perceive things in one way or another. They have the effect of closing us off from alternative perceptions that may be more accurate.

1-Stereotypes

Stereotypes are judgements about people and groups based on assumptions about groups to which they belong. They are based on generalisations (assuming everyone in the group shares certain qualities) and simplistic thinking (making judgements without sufficient knowledge).

Stereotypes can be neutral (businessmen wear suits), positive (women are kinder), or negative (men are poor communicators). However, what is a positive or neutral stereotype for one person may be negative to another (e.g. women are naturally giving). Stereotypes came from relating beliefs and concepts that are not necessarily attached to each other (e.g. women and nurturing; men and chivalry).

Finally, stereotypes are learned, and can be unlearned.

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